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Phillip Island is an Australian island about south-southeast of Melbourne, Victoria. Named after Arthur Phillip, the first Governor of New South Wales, Phillip Island forms a natural breakwater for the shallow waters of the Western Port. It is long and wide, with an area of about .〔(Phillip Island ) The Age, Travel Section〕 It has of coastline and is part of the Bass Coast Shire. A concrete bridge (originally a wooden bridge) connects the mainland town San Remo with the island town Newhaven.〔 In the 2011 census the island's permanent population was 9,406, compared to 7,071 in 2001.〔(2001 Population Statistics ) Bass Coast Shire Council Website〕 During the summer, the population swells to 40,000. 60% of the island is farmland devoted to grazing of sheep and cattle. ==History== The earliest inhabitants of the area were the Yalloc Bulluk clan of the Bunurong people, indigenous Australians of the Kulin nation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Clan estates of the Bunurong )〕 In the Bunwurrung language the Island was known as 'Corriong' or 'Millowl'.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Indigenous History )〕 Their coastal territory, with sheltered bays, meant that the Yalloc Bulluk, along with other Bunurong clans, were amongst the first Aboriginal people in Victoria, to have contact with European mariners.〔〔 Following reports of the 1798 exploration by George Bass and Matthew Flinders, the area was frequented by sealers from Van Diemen's Land whose interaction with the Bunurong people was not without conflict.〔Gaughwin, Denise and Sullivan, Hilary. Aboriginal Boundaries and Movements in Western Port, Victoria (). Aboriginal History, Vol. 8, 1984: 80-98. Availability: While the French colonisation did not eventuate, Wetherall reported on finding a sealer's camp and also two acres of wheat and corn. A fort was constructed, named Dumaresq, after the Governor's private secretary, near Rhyll and the 'abundance' of wood, quality soil and the discovery of coal at Cape Woolamai, were mentioned in newspaper accounts.〔〔 Wetherall also erected a flag staff on 'the flat-top'd rock off Point Grant' (commonly known today as The Nobbies) on the Island's Western extremity as a marker for the harbour entrance.〔 Of his encounters with the Bunurong people, Wetherall told Darling: "The Natives appear numerous, but we have not been able to obtain an interview, as they desert their camp, and run into the woods on our approach, watching our movements until we depart. As I am aware it is Your Excellency's wish to conciliate them as much as possible, I have not allowed them to be pursued, or molested in any way." The only reservation Wetherall had was on the Island's supply of water; he dug a 'tide-well' near the fort but assessed the source as 'not in sufficient quantities for the supply of shipping' and this problem would lead to the eventual move to Settlement Point on the mainland coast.〔 During the third voyage of , in 1839, water was 'found by digging in the centre of a clump of bushes on the outer part of the point at the N.E. extremity of the island, which at high water became an island, ''()'' occasionally made the water brackish' although it was noted 'better might have been found a short distance in shore, as there were abundance of shrubs and other indications of water in the neighbourhood'. The water question was again addressed, by Captain Moore, who accompanied Surveyor Robert Hoddle in 1840, that 'water can be obtained on Phillip Island, near the best anchorage, off Sandy Point.' In 1841, brothers John David and William McHaffie, were granted Phillip Island as a squatting run and took possession in 1842. The McHaffie's, and later settlers, assisted the Victorian Acclimatisation society (forerunner of the committee which established the Melbourne Zoo) by introducing animals such as pheasants, deer and wallabies to Phillip Island. Plans for the first bridge to the Island, from San Remo to Newhaven commenced in 1938, at a cost of £50,000, with the official opening by Premier Albert Dunstan taking place in November 1940. A full public holiday was declared on the Island to celebrate.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phillip Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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